Haryanka dynasty (544-413 BCE)
There are controversies about the Brihadratha and Haryanka dynasty.
As per the Hindu mythology, the first dynasty is the Brihadratha dynasties. The first king was Brihadratha, the son of Jarasandh.
But historically there was King Brihadratha invaded Magadha and takes the crown from Non-Aryans king. Then Brihadratha is the first king of the Haryanka dynasty. Bimbisara is the Grandson of the Brihadratha and the real founder of the Haryanka dynasties.
According to the Buddhist text, Mahavamsa, Bimbisara was choosed king by his father, Bhattiya, at the age of fifteen.
Rajgriha was the capital of the Haryanka dynasty and later that is moved to Pataliputra by the Ajatashatru, son of Bimbisara.
Haryanka dynasty is established in the 6th century BCE and Disestablished in the 413 BCE with succeeded by the Shishunaga dynasties. Sanskrit and the Magadhi Prakrit are the common languages of the Haryanka dynasties. Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism were the religion of the state.
Bimbisara (544-492 BC)
Bimbisara is the son of Bhattiya, born in 558 BCE. He is known as Seniya or Shrenika in the Jaina literature. He ascended the throne at the age of only 15, reign for 52 years. He expanded the kingdom to the Anga in the East. He is a great friend and the disciple of the Buddha. According to Hiuen Tang, he was built the city capital Rajagriha.
Marriages
He was the honored of the political and logical facts about kingship. That means he was married many princesses through matrimonial alliances. He wants to strength the power of kingdom by the marriages to princesses. He first marriage to Kosala Devi, (a princess of Kosala, daughter of King Maha-kosala, the sister of later king Prasenjit, and the mother of Ajatashatru according to Buddhist tradition), as a dowry of Kashi in the marriage. This marriage established friendly relation between Magadha and Kosala. But friendly relation break out after the death of Bimbisara and Kosala’s king Prasenjit brought again the Kashi later Ajatashatru attacked to Kashi.
His second marriage with Chellana, the daughter of Lichhavis king Chetaka. She has a son name Ajatashatru according to Jaina tradition.
His third marriage with princess of Bhadrasa, namely Khema. Khema also the chief disciple of Buddha. The Sutta Nipatta mentions that she is the wife of King Bimbisara and the follower of Buddhism. His married to many other princesses for gain the strength of the Kingdom.
Conquest
King Bimbisara launched a war against the Kingdom Anga, which was ruled by the king Brahmadutta. He conquered and annexed the Anga after defeating it. According to Jaina scholar Acharya Hemachandra, champa was the capital of Anga. After defeat and annexed the Anga, Bimbisara appointed his son Kanika as the Governor of Anga.
Bimbisara established a friendly relation with king Pradyota of Avanti, who send his physician Jivaka (personal physician of Buddha also) to Bimbisara for treatment of Jaundice. Bimbisara also friendly relation with King of Gandhara and Madra. Bimbisara expanded the Magadha Empire in the North region.
Administration
He ruled for 52 years, but then he especially controls a large and good administration system of his region. Darsaka, also Uparaja, the eldest son of Bimbisara helped to maintenance administration. A large number of officers assisted by the King Bimbisara. He mainly divided the administration system into 3 part s that are-
• Executive department
• Judicial department
• Military department
These departments were works and control very strictly. The Judicial departments were very strict. The criminal were punished without delay Head of the judicial administration is Vyavaharika Mahamatra. The Officer In- charge of the general affairs is called Sambbatthaka. The military head was called Senapati, he appointed to the people in the warfare and military department of the order of the King. The head of the villages were known as Grambhojakas, their duties were maintain law and order in the villages and collect the land revenue. He also rewarded the good works officers and also punished the corrupt officers from their services. The high officials were called Rajabhatas. Bimbisara controls 80,000 villages which covered an area of 300 leagues or groups. Magadha kingdom is the first kingdom which is used an elephants on a large scale.
Religion
Bimbisara was a person who believed in religion. He believed every types of religion like, Buddhism, Jainism, and Brahmanism. According to Buddhist writers, after Buddha gets enlightenment, Bimbisara is the man who met first time to Buddha, and became the important disciple of Buddha. Bimbisara also donated a lot of wealth and a park for Buddha and his Sangha. He appointed his chief Physician Jivaka to treatment of Buddha and his followers.
According to Jainism, Bimbisara referred as Shrenika. According to Uttara dhynasutra, Bimbisara visited Mahavira at Mandikushi Chaitya along with his wives, servants and relations. Jaina writer Acharya Hemachandra also supports this view. He was also followers of Brahmanism.
Death
He died in 491 BCE. According to Buddhist tradition King Bimbisara was imprisoned by his son Ajatashatru, but later realize his mistake, Ajatashatru ordered to release from prisoner after the birth of his first child, but it’s too late. Bimibisar perhaps suicide or natural death.
According to Buddhist sources (Mahavamsa) states that Ajatashatru killed his father to get the throne of Magadha.
Ajatashatru (492-460 BCE)
Ajatashatru is known as Kunika is the son of King Bimbisara and also disciple of Buddha and Mahavira. According to Jainism Ajatashatru is born to King Bimbisara and Queen Chellana. According to Buddhism, he was born to King Bimbisara and Queen Kosala Devi. According to Jaina text Bhagavatisutra,
there are 18 Ganarajya of Kasi and Kosala formed part of the powerful political confederacy of the Eastern India which opposed Ajatashatru, the King of Magadha.
Ajatashatru get the throne after to kill and capture to Bimbisara.he extended the limit of Magadhan Empire. Under Ajatashatru Magadha was most powerful kingdom in the North India. He is the inventor of two weapons used in war called Rathamusala (Scythed chariot) and Mahshilakantaka (engine for ejecting big stones).According to Jaina Niravavalika, during the pregnancy of Queen Chellana, she desire to eat flesh and drink blood of her Husband. Meanwhile, Abhayakumar, the son of Bimbisara and Queen Nanda eat a wild fruit which look like a heart, Abhayakumar bring the fruit and gave to Queen Chellana for eat. Queen Chellana ate fruit and after this she think about bad think which the unborn baby perhaps fatal for the family and kingdom then after the birth of the baby Queen Chellana throw out from palace to baby. The child lying down in a garbage and a cock is bit his little finger. Bimbisara knew about fact and suddenly he ran and picked up the child and bleeding little finger put to the mouth and sucked until stop of bleeding. As the sore finger of the child, he named ‘Kunika’ Sore finger.
In the Buddhist Atthakatha, the above story is almost the same, Kosaladevi desired to drink blood from Bimbisara's arm; the King obliged her and, later, when the child was thrown near the garbage dump, due to an infection he got a boil on his little finger and the king sucked it and once while sucking it the boil burst inside the king's mouth, but due to affection for his child he did not spit the pus out, rather swallowed it.
War with Vaishali
According to Jaina tradition, one time Ajatashatru requested to Halla and Bihalla to give one elephant and some ornaments. But they denied giving him. After that Ajatashatru sent three times requested but they denied. Then Ajatashatru ordered to imprisoned to Halla and Bihalla. Halla and Bihalla with a chance they escaped to maternal grandfather Chetaka the king of Vaishali then Ajatashatru send the requested to Chetaka to surrendered them but he refused. Then Ajatshatru was attack Vaishali through his 10 half-brother Kalakumaras. In the first invasion to Vaishali Kalakumara the commander-of- chief in the battle. King Chetaka was a disciple of Mahavira and a vow to to not shoot more than one arrow in a war.
Chetaka aim was very fine he first kill one Kalakumar and the next nine days he killed other 9 Kalakumaras. After that Ajatashatru launched his second invasion to Vaishali against King Chetaka. King Chetaka was defeated by the Ajatashatru and took shelter in the city and ordered to close the main gate of the city. The gate was so strong and Ajatashatru was unable to break the gate. Then after a plan Ajatashatru enters the city Chetaka was defeated and Vaishali was annexed by Ajatashatru. After that Ajatashatru was in a relationship with Amrapali, a woman of Lichhavi clan. In course of Ajatashatru war against King Chetak, his minister Vassakara had met Buddha at Rajagriha.
According to Buddhism, there was a diamond mine near the village of river Ganga. The Vajji and Magadha were treaty to equal share of diamond. But Ajatashatru failed to collect his share then he wants to attack and conquered Vajji. After to send his minister to Buddha he was make a swinging mace and blades chariot and conquered the city of Vajji.
War with Kosala
Ajatashatru’s father Bimbisara was marrying to Kosala Devi, daughter of King Mahakosala. After the death of Kosala devi and Bimbisara a good relationship was came to end and the king of Kosala tried to gave back the village of Kashi, which given as a dowry to Magadha. Then the conflict started between to kingdom and finally king Prasenjit, the king of Kosala bought peace by marry to his daughter to Ajatashatru and giving back village to Kashi from Magadha.
Religion
Ajatashatru was a disciple of both Jainism and Buddhism. According to Jainism, Mahavira reached to city Champa for sermon was given in Ardha magadhi language and Ajatashatru reached to Mahavira sermon. According to Buddhist tradition Ajatashatru a disciple of Gautam Buddha and he also present in the first Buddhist council in Sattapanni caves of Rajagriha in 483 B.C.
Udayin (460-444 B.C.)
According to Jaina and Buddha tradition Udayin or Udayabhadra was the son of Ajatashatru. According to Hemachandra’s Parishishta Parvana, he established the city named Pataliputra and shifted his capital Rajagriha to Pataliputra. Anuruddha was the successor of Udayin.
According to Buddhist accounts the ruler of the Haryanka dynasty was Bimbisara, Ajatashatru, Udayin, Anurudha, Munda and Nagadashaka. However Purana name of the successor were Bimbisara, Ajatashatru, Darshaka, Udayin, Nandivardhan and Mahanandin. But the Buddhist traditions are most reliable because the Purana were composed later date. The Chinese traveler Xuan zang state that last successor of Bimbisara built Sangharama (monastery) at Tiladaka. When Ajatashatru met Gautama Buddha Udayin was a young Prince.
Reign
Udayin was ruled from 460-444 B.C. He established the city Pataliputra flowing together of the Son and Ganga River.
War with Avanti
Avanti was the only rival of Magadha after the fall of vaishali, Kosala, Anga. Udayin want to expand his Kingdom. He defeated the ruler of Avanti Palaka multiple times but was killed by him.
satisfy
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